Rules, laws,Standards

Introduction Calibration gas mixtures are not merely cylinders of gas. They are the foundation upon which the accuracy of all gas analytical measurements in industry, environmental monitoring, and scientific research rests. Without them, it is impossible to confirm that a gas analyzer on a factory stack is telling the truth, or to ensure that a methane leak detector will provide a timely warning of danger. Calibration gas mixtures are state reference materials of gas composit

Environmental legislation is a much older phenomenon than is commonly believed. The earliest surviving laws on nature protection were carved in cuneiform on basalt stelae as early as the 18th century BCE: the Babylonian king Hammurabi included an entire section on forest protection and punishments for unauthorized logging in his famous code. In the 3rd century BCE, the Indian emperor Ashoka issued edicts protecting wild animals and vegetation, drawing upon Buddhist principles

The industrial giants erected during the first Five-Year Plans and post-war reconstruction still largely define the environmental landscape across vast territories from the Urals to the Tien Shan. Their smoking chimneys and effluents flowing into rivers without proper treatment are a familiar reality for many cities in Russia and Central Asian countries. But why does this happen? Did the Soviet Union have any real environmental standards , and if so, why are we now paying suc

Over the past two decades, China has made an unprecedented leap in the field of environmental monitoring. From a country with catastrophic levels of air and water pollution, it has transformed into one of the world’s leaders in implementing modern environmental control systems. Today, environmental monitoring in China is a high-tech industry that brings together thousands of automatic observation stations, satellite remote sensing systems, mobile laboratories, and powerful da

In December 2024, the European Union adopted Directive 2024/2881/EU, marking the most significant revision of ambient air quality standards in two decades. This document does more than just tighten limit values for well‑known pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5 or nitrogen dioxide. The real revolution lies elsewhere: for the first time at the EU level, three substances that have long remained in the shadows – ultrafine particles (UFP), black carbon (BC) and ammonia (NH₃) – become